Lithium Diaphragm Market has Great Potential

Recently, Tesla CEO Elon Maske said Tesla will be in the performance version of the Model S and Model X SUV equipped with larger capacity upgraded battery, which extended mileage, while achieving faster acceleration performance.

The new 100 kWh LiFePo4 battery pack will enable the high-end version of the Model S P100D to be the fastest-to-scale production car in the world, and the performance version of the Model X SUV will also feature the same battery pack. At the same time, the new upgraded version of the battery pack will also extend the life of the new Tesla mileage, the performance version of the Model S range mileage will be more than 483 km, the existing Tesla models endurance capacity of 338 km to 435 km.

Lithium battery separator is to determine the battery performance, safety and cost of important materials. Lithium-ion batteries in the main raw materials, in addition to positive and negative materials and electrolyte solution, the diaphragm is also very important part. The main role of the diaphragm is to separate the positive and negative batteries to prevent positive and negative contact and short-circuit. In the four lithium-ion battery materials, the proportion of cost of the diaphragm after the cathode material, about 10% -15%, in some high-end batteries, the diaphragm cost accounting for a higher proportion.

Diaphragm performance requirements from the point of view, its thickness, porosity, tensile strength, puncture strength and absorption of the basic parameters such as the battery will affect the performance of the battery, so the battery has become the largest four technical barriers to the highest material . With the electric vehicle on the battery quality requirements continue to increase, and the heavy volume of new energy vehicle sales, lithium battery high-end membrane industry will have a huge market potential, the new energy also include solar powered portable generator.

China's new energy automotive market explosive growth makes the power battery industry into a period of rapid development, the new capacity to accelerate the launch of lithium batteries will drive the increase in key materials such as the diaphragm. China plans to 2020 to achieve the new energy vehicles 2 million annual production and 500 million stock. Last year, China's new energy vehicle sales of 390,000 or so, the next five years will reach 40% compound annual growth rate of more than. Institutions expected in 2016, China's lithium battery separator market demand of about 1.08 billion square meters, while China's mainstream business of lithium diaphragm production capacity of about 656 million square meters, there is a serious shortage of production capacity, still have to rely on imports. The portable solar power generator also increase the needs of lithium batteries.

By the market demand growth and industry to attract high gross margins, the domestic lithium battery production capacity in recent years, rapid expansion. However, compared with foreign well-known giants, China's lithium battery production enterprises in product development, production process control, product consistency, manufacturing equipment and brand awareness, there is a big gap. At present, the domestic diaphragm faced mainly in the low-end market, capacity expansion in the low-end products. On the contrary, in the high-end membrane market, industry supply pattern is stable, less competitive pressure, profitability has certain protection. Take the high-end lithium battery will become the future direction of the development of membrane industry, with high-end product capacity of enterprises is expected to take the lead in the benefit.

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Why Lithium Battery has not been Eliminated after Several Decades

Since the 70s of last century, since the birth of lithium batteries successfully entered everyone's life, but in the era of technological advances so rapidly, but no new energy storage technology can replace its position, which allows people to think, has been overcoming the clutter of researchers in the end what difficulties encountered?

Earlier this year, the US Department of Energy Alternative Energy Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA-E) head of Williams overnight to seize the major media headlines, and let him cause such a great concern is only to accept the "Guardian "Interview in a word -" We have made a great breakthrough in the field of batteries. "

Battery technology has not yet made a breakthrough

But the breakthrough is a breakthrough, but when to use or unknown. Previously, ARPA-E supported more than 75 research projects related to energy storage, which have yielded satisfactory results, but have not yet made a breakthrough in producing small, low-cost energy storage devices .

Despite the efforts, many start-ups are close to producing an energy storage device that combines economy, security, compactness and high energy density and can reduce its cost to $ 100 per kilowatt-hour. However, if the energy storage device price control in this level, will inevitably lead to galvanic effect (galvanic effect, the so-called galvanic corrosion effect is due to different corrosion potential, resulting in dissimilar metals in the same medium at the local corrosion ).

Only renewable energy can solve this problem, they can make electric vehicles lighter, lower cost, but there is a slot it can not be overcome, that is renewable energy only in the sunny or stormy when More stable.

Unfortunately, the commercialization of such new batteries is far behind the pace of human transfer from fossil fuels to renewable sources of energy. Even bold as Maske, have to admit that the current electric car manufacturers in improving the lithium battery has not made much progress. The LiFePo4 battery pack is also a kind of lithium batteries.

Break the inherent thinking can be a breakthrough

In fact, many researchers believe that energy storage devices in order to achieve leapfrog development, we must break the existing barriers, the use of a new chemical process and physical appearance. The only way to get rid of the original structure, to break the lithium-ion battery in the past decade, consumer electronics, electric vehicles and network-level storage systems and other areas of the rule achieved.

This year in May, the US Department of Energy (DOE) organized a "beyond the lithium battery," the theme of the seminar, which is the ninth anniversary of the birth of the seminar, each year researchers gathered together to explore the development of new energy storage The technical challenges that equipment faces. The new energy storage can be divided solar powered portable generator.

SolidEnergy Systems founder Hu Qichao has created a new lithium metal battery, which significantly increased the energy density of the battery, significantly beyond the existing products.

Hu Qichao at the seminar also described the new lithium metal battery R & D mentality, he believes that up to ten years of research and development process, the main obstacles encountered is how to turn an idea into a product. This is more difficult for the battery, because once you improve a certain aspect of performance, it may affect the performance of the other. Therefore, we must make difficult trade-offs and choices.

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Lithium battery diaphragm investment is particularly prosperous

Since the beginning of this year lithium battery diaphragm investment is particularly prosperous, mergers and acquisitions, expansion drama scene then staged. Victory Precision just disclosed semi-annual report shows that the acquisition of lithium battery separator company in the first half net profit rose 327.7%, and Cangzhou Pearl's 185.39% increase in the formation of "double-Bi Jing Yan."

From the industrial chain, starting from the second half of 2015, China's new energy vehicle production and sales of a large explosion, making the power of lithium-ion battery production accounted for the vast majority of the proportion of production value, which is particularly suitable for lithium battery separator lithium. The battery products to bring a huge market opportunity. The LiFePo4 battery pack require lithium battery separator too. The capital rush, it seems also based on such a basis: the diaphragm is the four key components of lithium in the localization rate is the lowest technical barriers to the highest lithium materials, lithium battery costs accounted for between 10% to 20%.

M & A investment continues

The market inadvertently found that with this year's listed companies on the lithium battery business investment in mergers and acquisitions, the top ten domestic lithium battery separator manufacturers in the majority of A-share bonds.

According to the Asia-based consulting statistics in 2015 China's lithium battery separator market share data, in 2015 the total consumption of China's lithium battery separator is about 910 million square meters. Among them, the proportion of domestically produced diaphragm has reached 69%; production ranked the top ten domestic lithium battery separator enterprises accounted for 58% of the total market share. In the top ten companies in the market share, Fosugufen science and technology subsidiaries accounted for 7% Jinhui Hi-Tech; Cangzhou Pearl 5%; Yun Tianhua subsidiary Chongqing Numi Technology (listed on the new board) accounted for 5%; Victory Precision Suzhou Jie Force accounted for 3%; Yi Teng new energy accounted for 7%; Star source material accounted for 7%.

In January 2016, Guoxuan Hi-Tech Joint Star Material jointly established Hefei star source of new energy materials Co., Ltd. At the same time, solar powered portable generator also ask for new energy. with a total investment of 3 billion, the new six high-performance lithium-ion battery separator production line, 12 multi-function ceramic coating Diaphragm production lines and five polymer coating production lines, to build in east China's largest power lithium battery separator production base. As a result, the size of the domestic market, the top ten star material into the A-shares "circle."

A few days later, Dell announced plans to invest 90 million yuan transferee Yi Teng 7.5% stake in new energy, and after the completion of the transaction to its own capital of 100 million yuan to Yiteng new energy to increase, the final total holding Yi Teng New Energy 14.62% stake in hand the size of the top ten markets Yi Teng new energy.

Cangzhou Pearl in January to catch up in the same expansion. January 26, Cangzhou Pearl announced the investment of 592 million yuan to build three wet lithium diaphragm production line, put into production after the new 105 million square meters of wet lithium battery separator production capacity.

Into February, Sinoma science and technology has just announced that the front foot to build an independent industrial development platform, a joint venture to set up "Sinoma lithium film Co., Ltd." building "200 million square meters of lithium film production line construction project." The next day, Victory Precision on the interactive platform for investor relations, Suzhou, Czech Republic, this year will add four wet production lines, is expected to add annual capacity of up to 150 million square meters.

Subsequently, in May, Shuangjie Electric and Tianjin Dong Gao Membrane Technology Co., Ltd. signed a capital increase agreement; June, Shuangjie Electric again on the Tianjin Dong Gao film company to hold 31% stake in Tianjin Dong Gao film company first Large shareholder. The latest case is occurred in the August 10, Changyuan Group announced that the proposed 100 million yuan capital increase production of lithium batteries with wet diaphragm Hunan New Materials Co., Ltd. lithium.

Industry estimates, in 2016 the total consumption of lithium batteries in China is about 1.096 billion square meters. According to the Advisory Sub-statistics, the end of 2016 China's lithium battery separator total capacity will reach 2.116 billion square meters, is expected to market competition will become fierce.

Looking into the semi - annual report

At present, the victory of precision, Sinoma science and technology, science and technology have been disclosed Fosu semi-annual report, Cangzhou Pearl released the performance of Express.

From the data, the victory of precision and Cangzhou Pearl's performance is very gratifying. Shengli Precision first half of 2016 operating income of 7.214 billion yuan, an increase of 403.52%; net profit of 411 million yuan, an increase of 327.7%. Among them, the company in November 2015 to complete the acquisition of 51% stake in the lithium battery separator manufacturer in Suzhou Jie Li New Energy Materials Co., Ltd., operating income of 120 million yuan during the period, net profit of 33.0761 million yuan.

Semi-annual report shows that the production of lithium batteries are high-margin products. Segment from the product market, the lithium battery separator operating income of 117 million yuan, gross margin 51.36%, second only to the company's intelligent manufacturing solutions and equipment manufacturing 65.16%. Victory precision in the semi-annual report also revealed that the current high-end wet lithium battery separator in short supply. The Company's new wet film production line with an annual production capacity of not less than 70 million square meters has entered the commissioning period according to plan in the report period, and the construction of the new production line has been active.

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A New Way of Power Battery Recycling into the Fixed Energy Storage Market

The future of electric car market will grow rapidly, this is no doubt. But for now, people have not yet on the second-hand electric vehicle battery "secondary use" to reach a consensus. The secondary use battery include LiFePo4 battery pack.

By 2025, we expect the market for second-hand electric vehicle batteries to reach 29GWh, far more than the size of today's fixed energy storage market, and 10GW will have the opportunity to enter the energy storage system once again rejuvenated. By 2018, the cost of retrofitting the "secondary" portion of the battery is approximately $ 49 / kWh. We estimate that this year can be "secondary use" of the battery source is very limited, but this figure will be significantly improved after 2020. Specifically, the secondary battery is suitable for "secondary use" mainly depends on: the remaining energy in the battery level, the car company is willing to continue to provide warranty for these batteries, as well as the price of these batteries.

At this stage, the "secondary use" cost of used electric vehicle batteries can range from $ 100 / kWh to more, including transportation, inspection, recycling and re-packaging, but with economies of scale and technology, this figure is expected to be in 2018 Half years ago.

In the 1920s, the cost per kilowatt-hour of used electric vehicle batteries will be lower than the new battery, which will significantly reduce the average cost of fixed energy storage projects. However, since the cost of new batteries is also declining rapidly, it remains unclear whether the cost of second-hand batteries will be lower than new batteries by the mid-1920s.

The following is our statistics to several sets of data:

We forecast that by 2025, the electric car market will produce 29GWh of used car batteries, of which 10GWh will enter the fixed energy storage market. The energy storage most comes from solar energy, it good for portable solar power generator.

2016 to 2025, the second-hand electric vehicle battery capacity will reach 95GWh, about the current global fixed storage capacity of 60 times.

By 2018, a 24kWh second-hand electric vehicle battery "secondary use" cost about 980 US dollars, equivalent to the level of $ 49 / kWh. In addition, in order to transform these used batteries into fixed energy storage systems, an additional cost of $ 400 / kWh will be incurred.

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Energy Storage Application of Power Lithium Battery for Electric

Electric vehicle lithium battery energy storage applications can be divided into before and after the use of two parts, the early part refers to the electric vehicle lithium battery scrap before the application of the latter part of the lithium battery refers to the electric vehicle after the end of the energy storage applications, Which is currently promoted by the echelon use.

From the storage side, the electric car from its inception, it has become a natural part of energy storage applications. The use of electric vehicles can be counted from the time of the birth of the car, has been 100 years, due to battery reasons, the exercise can not meet the needs of people, can not compete with fuel vehicles. 

Until recently, lithium batteries have been applied to electric vehicles, only to make electric vehicles back to the automotive market, Tesla electric vehicles were optimized design, the use of high-performance 18650 battery to make a charge driving range of 500 km breakthrough, electric The superior acceleration performance of the car and the comfortable driving experience have enhanced the confidence of electric vehicles. 

With the electric car production and sales into the rapid growth of geometric progression, electric vehicle lithium battery echelon applications and disposal of waste has become an urgent problem to be solved.

 

Energy storage applications generally refers to the energy, water, air, energy and other energy to the first deposit, and then in the appropriate time out for the application. Solar powered portable generator is a kind of energy storage situation. Electric vehicle as a consumer of electricity, it is different from other power supplies, a lamp when it is directly converted into electricity bright, a motor when it is directly converted into power, an electric furnace when it is directly converted to heat electricity, air conditioning to use electricity into air-conditioning. 

Electric vehicle electric first when there is electricity in the lithium battery, the exercise on the road when the power into power. This is what we call the electric vehicle energy storage applications in the evening when the grid trough charging during the day on the road to exercise, which is an ideal way, many times will choose to charge when the peak, and then on the road exercise. 

When many types of electric vehicles to re-use when the charge, the charging time will have a serious uncertainty. Which is the grid of energy storage applications are expected to have a great gap. Our efforts to promote the chemical energy storage battery applications, the majority refers to the power grid in the trough, the charge, the peak power in the electricity to the grid when the reverse, or directly to the power to the user. Many countries in the world to develop chemical energy storage technology is such an objective.

The rapid development of electric vehicles, a strong impetus to the development of lithium battery industry, such as lifepo4 battery pack, lithium battery energy density than in 2010 has been greatly improved, a charge driving range is also increasing year by year, more than 300 km of electric vehicles more and more . 

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The Echelon Utilization of Power Lithium Battery for Electric

Theoretically, the electric car lithium battery scrapped, the capacity of less than 80% of the nominal capacity can be re-use or echelon use, they can also be in accordance with the battery capacity, and be used in energy storage projects or related power supply base station As well as street lamps, low-speed electric car body, and finally into the recycling system. The energy storage project most comes from solar energy, it is benefit for solar powered portable generator.

In fact, although the energy storage projects on the single battery density requirements are not as high as the power battery, but a large-scale storage battery energy storage projects, usually up to 100 kilowatts or even megawatts, and a new energy vehicles battery Capacity is generally 10 to 50kwh, the maximum is 100kwh, if you want to power batteries for energy storage, no doubt requires a large number of battery pack, which makes the entire energy storage battery blocks are faced with the difficulties of consistent management, which will affect the whole block The use of energy storage battery projects. 

 

Moreover, the lithium battery industry status, due to different car prices in China's battery line, the battery specifications and evaluation requirements of the different batteries, resulting in too many models of the battery, so that excessive dispersion of production, but also For the echelon use more difficult.

Although the late use of electric vehicles lithium battery there are all kinds of problems and difficulties, but the electric vehicle lithium battery recycling and reuse has become a top priority. In accordance with the thirteen five-year plan, by 2020, the domestic production and sales of new energy vehicles will reach 5 million. 

China Automotive Technology and Research Center, according to this forecast, by 2020, China's electric vehicle battery cumulative scrapped volume will reach 12 million -17 million tons of scale. We should establish an effective re-use and recycling mechanism, must not let scrap lithium batteries on our environment cause greater harm.

Lithium battery recycling and re-use, for battery manufacturers should shoulder greater responsibility. Lithium batteries include lifepo4 battery pack. Although the battery manufacturers are now busy expanding capacity, should also be concerned about the recovery of the problem, to study the lithium battery environmental decomposition of the re-use method. 

As the technology is not in place, the current re-use of new energy battery business chain has not been perfect, the industry did not form a closed-loop. Now lead-acid batteries, car repair place can be recycled, garbage sorting sites can also be recycled, and why? Because lead-acid recycling is very easy to produce commercial value - take a screwdriver, the waste battery pried open, drained acid, the most valuable platter removed and resold to make money.

Lithium battery why not recycle? Relevant professionals believe that lithium battery recycling process is too complex, directly from the waste lithium battery cathode materials, cathode materials, electrolytes, diaphragms and other high value-added intermediate commercialization is very difficult. 

Combined with different manufacturers of lithium battery materials and formulations are not the same, to complete the recovery is not easy. So the battery manufacturers to recover scrap lithium battery is justified, Tesla's own recycling of lithium batteries have a set of treatment methods, does not involve high energy consumption of smelting, can achieve more than 70% of the material re-use, only some of the remaining carbon dioxide, Water and dust, does not contain any other pollutants. This approach is worthy of our reference.

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Cosmic Solar Power Generation System Can Be Achieved?

In order to make space solar power generation system has a power plant equivalent to 1GW 1GW solar power generator capacity, must be built in space and configure a few kilometers square, weighing tens of thousands of tons of giant solar panels and transmit antennas to form space solar power satellites.

In the universe to build a few kilometers square large structure

ISS has been assembled in orbit at about 400km altitude since 1998. Although it is a giant, it is only about 108m × 73m in size, about 1200m3 in volume and about 419t in weight. The space station is a large-scale manned spaceflight. Moreover, the space station's low earth orbit height is only about one percent of the geostationary orbit, and it is not difficult to imagine how difficult it is to deploy large-scale space-based solar power satellites.

The International Space Station (ISS), through its 40-launch launch, carried a large number of components to space and was slowly assembled on the orbit by the astronauts by manipulating the arms and conducting extravehicular activities. The space solar power generation satellites must be in the geostationary orbit to build a number of square kilometers to reach the solar panels and launch of photovoltaic panels per square meter price line. Such a project simply can not rely solely on artificial. As a result, we are developing assembly devices and unmanned assembly technologies that rely on robots. JAXA's current goal is to develop a 100m-scale structure of the unmanned assembly technology. From the beginning of 2010, the focus of R & D on the expansion truss assembly technology.Now we could use solar power generator in many areas

This technique is a truss structure which is folded in a launcher, and automatically assembled and assembled in a track by using a special assembling apparatus, and the flat plate structure is assembled unmanned. Both the solar panel and the transmitting antenna will be placed on the structure. In the year of FY2012, JAXA has carried out the automatic development of the truss structure and the ground verification experiment of the combined function, and achieved good results. Today we could see many people take portable solar power generator for camping or as emergency power supply.

However, there are many problems to be solved in the future, such as shape maintenance, attitude and track control, heat distortion compensation and so on. Space Unmanned assembly of large-scale cosmic structures is an unprecedented technology that is very challenging. As long as the mastered the technology, will be able to significantly expand the possibility of space missions, we feel in the study of a great sense of accomplishment, here, the eyes of shining on the soil well light.

Transporting a large number of components into space requires multiple launches. In the past, a one-time rocket was not only time-consuming, but also costly. Space solar power generation system to a certain extent, to meet the needs of world-scale energy needs to launch hundreds of space solar power generation satellites. Even if the manufacturing speed, 1 year manufacturing 1, but 1 year must transport the components up to tens of thousands of tons. This requires the use of reusable large space transport aircraft.

As mentioned earlier, the realization of space solar power generation system is estimated to take quite a long time. Therefore, in order to get the R & D results back to the society, we have studied the splitting tasks of the technology from the earlier stage, simultaneously in the synchronous research can be put into practical application of small-scale practical tasks and the basic conversion rate of photovoltaic panels. In the development of solar powered portable generator system in the process of the basic technology can also be applied to other areas. For example, the use of microwave and laser wireless energy transmission technology, if applied to inter-ground transmission, may be able to replace part of the power supply cable inverter capacitor play a role. While the large-scale structure assembly technology is estimated to be the driving force for future development of the universe.

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Photovoltaic Captures Sunlight to Convert Sunlight More Efficiently into Electricity

The sun's energy supply to Earth for one hour is enough for human use for a year, however, the proportion of solar energy currently used in the world's total electricity consumption is barely 1%. Many researchers are working on solar power batteries, so that sunlight can be more efficient into electricity. While some experts have attempted to convert them into fuel using photoelectrochemical solar power batteries, it is disappointing that the conversion process has proved to be too complex and inefficient. Has found a way to improve this phenomenon.

Photoelectrochemical cells use sunlight to decompose water into hydrogen and oxygen. They use sunlight to convert sunlight into electrical energy to create a circuit that can run in water, and then generate electricity by electrolysis. Researchers use the lifepo4 battery is usually made of iron oxide and tungsten oxide as a material for light capture. Among them, iron oxide can absorb visible light, and tungsten oxide can absorb ultraviolet light. In addition, the tungsten oxide has a high refractive index, which means that once the light is inside the tungsten oxide plate, light will bounce back and forth due to the phenomenon of total internal reflection, which will greatly enhance the absorption opportunity. Therefore, the cooperation of iron oxide and tungsten oxide, can capture 35% of the incident sunlight.

The above theory sounds very good, but because of the very poor conductivity of iron oxide, so the above ideas into the actual equipment, the effect is still very unsatisfactory. Unless the device is in very thin form, to improve the conductivity of iron oxide, unfortunately, so they can not absorb enough sunlight to better decompose the water. One way to solve this problem is to reshape its components with lithography, and to dope other materials to change their conductivity to improve the light absorption of the lifepo4 battery pack. Although the approach is feasible, but the cost is too high.

This approach is to tungsten oxide into a few hundred nanometers in diameter sphere, and then covered with a thin layer of iron oxide. Such a design not only can maximize the internal reflection capacity, but also in the iron oxide and tungsten oxide at the junction of the reflected light by iron oxide absorption. And most importantly, researchers have figured out how to make this design cheaper. First, the researchers mixed the ammonium tungstate solution with the polymer to create a suspension of plastic droplets and allowed each droplet to contain ammonium tungstate. The mixture was then sprayed onto a piece of glass and allowed to dry. The researchers heated the glass with an oven and evaporated the plastic to convert the droplets into tungsten oxide microspheres. Finally, a large amount of ferric nitrate solution was sprayed on the surface and reheated to form an oxide Iron covering. This approach can not only better absorb sunlight, but also convert it into electrical energy. From the above analysis can be seen that the technology is very easy to promote, which means that the photoelectric electrochemical solar power battery made in this way can be popularized on the industrial level. The resulting hydrogen can be used for fuel to be sold or stored locally, and for night combustion when solar energy is not available.

Surprisingly, the researchers found that when these experiments are completed, naturally they severely beat them. The microstructures of these solar power batteries - spherical light collectors as one part of solar power generator, resemble activities that occur inside the moth's eyes. These have evolved to be able to collect as much light as possible in order to ensure that the night can be seen at the same time, in order to avoid predators found that can be as little as possible to reflect the light out of animals, also has a small absorption of light Sphere. This is as people often say, the world would have nothing new, are made by their predecessors.

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High Efficiency Solar Charging Suits

When you hear the word wearable solar energy, the mind may be thought of is very heavy and hard solar panels and solar power batteries made up similar to the armor of the same clothes. If you want to re-use this clothing for their mobile devices to charge, you may feel completely fantasy, but in fact, such clothes have been not far away from us.

Dutch fashion designer Pauline van Dongen and her team have been working on high-tech fashion for many years. Every piece of Fan Dongen's work has two features that not only look stylish, but also contain some kind of science and technology that can help The wearer to solve some real life problems, including the integration of the lamp elements of the night clothing and today we have to introduce the solar charging service.

It is understood that Fan Dongen joint solar expert Geert Jan Jongerden designed this stylish solar charging service, they are very clever front of the clothes arranged 72 to absorb the solar light folding battery. At the same time, this set of clothes can also be adjusted according to the brightness of the sun hidden in the shoulder and waist 48 hard silicon solar power batteries. Its direct sunlight in an hour after the electricity generated can be an ordinary smart phone to add 50% of the electricity, it sounds really is the power of the larger components of the photovoltaic components of the more magical thing.

This solar charging service is Fan Dong En also with Jon Ge homemade 48v 220v inverter board to carry out a series of solar street lighting manufacturers to do a part of the wearable solar clothing design work, they hope to be more advanced photovoltaic technology The integration into the fashion clothing only to make the wearer can always charge for their mobile devices, if the plan in the future to be successful, then people will get rid of external lifepo4 battery pack directly to their own as a mobile phone charger, which is quite a praise Creativity, so let us work together to look forward to their research can soon become a reality.

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New Lead-free Solar Power Batteries

Researchers at Northwestern University pioneered the development of a new, highly efficient solar power batteries that utilizes a tin-containing perovskite to replace lead-containing perovskite as a light absorber. This low-cost, solar power battery can be easily manufactured using simple chemical methods - without the use of expensive equipment or hazardous materials. The inorganic chemist who specializes in tin research, Maikuri Kana PV module Inverter with: This is a lead from a very promising type of solar power batteries (the so-called perovskite battery) is removed A major breakthrough. Tin is a very viable material, and we have shown that this material can indeed work as efficient as a solar cell.

The new solar energy battery uses a material called perovskite, but tin instead of lead as a light-absorbing agent. Lead perovskite can achieve 15% conversion efficiency, and tin-perovskite conversion efficiency should be able to match or even exceed this level. Perovskite solar power batteries are being hailed as "the next big event in photovoltaic technology" and have re-energized the field. This material was developed, synthesized and analyzed by Carazidis. He then turned to his collaborator, Zhang Bangheng, a nanoscience scientist for help in designing a solar cell that would work. The tin-perovskite layer serves to effectively absorb the sunlight, which is sandwiched between the two charge transport layers in order to transfer the electric energy to the outside.On the market many solar powered portable generator are use this technology.

It has the function of converting short-wavelength light (ultraviolet rays) that can not be used for solar power generation to long-wavelength light (visible light) that can be used for solar power generator system. Wavelength conversion of particles using the package sheet (wavelength conversion film), solar panels can make the solar panel wiring diagram of the conversion efficiency of the maximum increase of about 2.2%. Production of wavelength conversion particles, the fluorescent material particles are contained in the durability of the propylene resin particles. It is claimed that the packaging sheet does not reduce the durability of the solar cell panel and does not require adjustment of the manufacturing process of the packaging sheet, and has no effect on the production efficiency of the packaging sheet.

Only a small fraction of the electrons actually migrate to the interface, forming a conductive layer. Most of the electrons are re-distributed in the LaAlO3 sublayer, which is the previous research methods can not be found. In addition, scientists have also observed that electrons from the lattice to the interface, mainly depends on the lattice LaAlO3 unit cell number. A unit cell is the smallest unit of the crystal, which means that the crystal can be expressed by many consistent unit cells. If the thickness of the LaAlO3 layer is less than 3 cells, all the electrons are redistributed in the LaAlO3 sublayer, leaving no electrons to migrate to the interface, leaving it still insulating.

Solid-state solar streetlight battery capacity conversion efficiency of the pool close to 6%, which is a very good starting point. There are several points that make this material unique: it absorbs most of the visible light spectrum, and the perovskite can be decomposed and recombined without the need for heat to remove the solvent. Other scientists will understand what we have achieved and make improvements to our approach. Perovskite solar power batteries came out in 2008 - and are only present in the installation of photovoltaic components around the corner of the laboratory. In 2012, Carnazis and Zhang Bangheng said that the new tin-perovskite solar cells are expected to achieve higher efficiencies and lower manufacturing costs while maintaining environmental safety.Until now solar powered portable generator is so expensive for many families,if it is to be universal, I think there is still a long way .

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Hybrid Solar Cell Is Expected to Achieve 95% Conversion Efficiency

The new hybrid solar power generator is said to boost energy efficiency by 95% or more. British researchers are now working to study this can be stacked on the standard silicon solar power batteries on the organic formula, hoping to further achieve difficult to reach nearly 100% energy efficiency targets.

High-energy visible light is absorbed by a special organic coating, which produces pairs of triplet by the inorganic solar cells effectively absorb. Today's silicon solar cells can theoretically reach a maximum conversion efficiency of 33.7%; the rest of the incident light is depleted by the warming of the battery. Hoping to develop an organic thin-film battery that can be a waste of energy to be converted to electricity in the form of electricity. The hybrid PV cell approach, developed by Cavendish Laboratory, is expected to significantly reduce such a huge solar farm.

Conventional silicon solar power batteries essentially limit energy conversion efficiency because many of the absorbed energy are high energy light sources that are wasted due to overheating and are coated with organic coatings on conventional silicon solar cells , Hoping to dissipate high-energy input photons into two triplet excitons and convert them electronically to silicon.

By using ultrashort laser pulses to transform into organic and stupid, researchers used laser spectroscopy to characterize ultrafast processes at the organic / inorganic interface, and then followed each energy transition that occurred within one femtosecond, Energy photons do have two electrons, rather than one electron per photon. This confirms that the highest energy photons wasted during solar powered portable generator can also be used to convert the two exciton pairs into the concept that non-organic solar cells can be converted into two electrons.

At present also committed to the development of solar cells in addition to other applications. However, hope to find a new organic material, with a view to a perfect response to the traditional silicon solar cell needs. "Our goal is to develop a hybrid solar cell prototype that is more efficient than a conventional silicon cell," he said, and then further optimized the design to increase its conversion efficiency and meet industry needs such as ease of handling And more power-based three-phase inverter long-term and so on. At the same time, we are also committed to this new discovery of the energy conversion process for other technologies.

Unfortunately, the organic hole transport material and the gold counter electrode used in the solar power batteries obtained this efficiency are not only expensive, and it is reported that the organic hole transport material spiro-OMeTAD is 10 times as expensive as gold or platinum and requires high vacuum Equal energy consumption process. Therefore, how to achieve high efficiency and stability in low-cost all-solid-state mesoscopic solar cells is still the key to large-scale application of solar energy.

Most of today's solar panels are made of energy-intensive materials, such as silicon, which means that the energy required to produce such materials is high. In contrast, the production energy required to use the perovskite material is much lower. By using an intensive spray process, the group expects to be able to further reduce costs. And is applied to a printable mesoscopic solar power batteries having no hole transporting material. The method is characterized in that titanium dioxide nanocrystalline film, zirconium oxide insulating layer and carbon counter electrode layer are coated on a single conductive substrate by a layer-by-layer printing method, followed by filling the perovskite material. This key technology to achieve a low-cost mesoscopic solar power batteries and continuous production process the perfect combination.

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New Features and A of Solar Energy Batteries

  The battery is a device that convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy. The solar power storage solutions are designed for a rechargeable battery, through a chemical reaction reversible achieve recharging usually refers to the lead-acid battery, which is a cell belonging to two secondary battery. It works: when charging using an external electric energy regenerated inside active material, the energy is stored as chemical energy, when you need to discharge to convert chemical energy into electrical energy output. This "solar power batteries" means specially designed for solar power generation system storage batteries.

Solar Energy Battery Storage Have Following Characteristics:

• Solar energy battery storage typically lead-acid battery is maintenance-free;
• The solar energy battery storage are usually added to other ingredients (such as sodium) in the conventional gel battery electrolyte;
• The solar energy battery storage on the charging voltage and temperature to adapt to a wider range.

Solar energy batteries (maintenance-free valve-regulated lead-acid batteries) Introduction:

Solar energy battery storage, also known as maintenance-free valve regulated lead acid batteries, is dedicated to the development and production of solar power systems, having the following advantages:

1. Good safety performance: no electrolyte leakage under normal use, no cell expansion and rupture;
2. Good discharge performance: stable discharge voltage, discharge platform gently;
3. Good resistance to shock: fully charged solar energy battery storage completely fixed to 4mm amplitude, frequency 16.7HZ vibration 1 hour, no leakage, no cell expansion and cracking, open circuit voltage is normal;
4. Good impact resistance: the battery is fully charged state 20CM height from naturally fall to the 1CM thick hardwood board 3 times no leakage, no cell expansion and cracking, open circuit voltage is normal;
5. Resistance to over-discharge: 25 degrees Celsius, the solar energy storage system is fully charged state of constant resistance discharge 3 weeks (resistance is equivalent to the battery discharge requirements 1CA resistance), to restore the capacity of more than 75%;
6. Good resistance to charge: 25 degrees Celsius, fully charged battery 0.1CA charge for 48 hours, no leakage, no cell expansion and cracking, open circuit voltage is normal, the capacity retention rate of over 95%;
7. Good resistance to high current: fully charged battery 2CA discharge for 5 minutes or 10CA discharge for 5 seconds. No conductive part of the fuse, without the appearance of deformation.

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